Seasonal Care Calendar

• Trident Maple: Keep soil just moist—avoid waterlogging as roots begin to wake.
• Big Leaf Maple: Keep soil lightly moist to prevent desiccation during root activation.
• Japanese Maple: Keep soil lightly moist to prevent desiccation during root activation.
• Japanese Barberry: Light moisture to avoid drying roots.
• Boxwood: Minimal watering; soil slightly moist.
• European Hornbeam: Minimal watering; keep soil slightly moist.
• Sawara Cypress: Water sparingly; keep rootball just moist.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Minimal watering needed; ensure soil is slightly moist but never soggy.

• Trident Maple: Increase watering as movement begins; let upper soil dry slightly between waterings.
• Big Leaf Maple: Gradually increase; encourage steady moisture as buds swell.
• Japanese Maple: Gradually increase; encourage steady moisture as buds swell.
• Japanese Barberry: Gradually increase watering as buds open.
• Boxwood: Gradually increase as buds begin swelling.
• European Hornbeam: Gradually increase watering as buds open.
• Sawara Cypress: Increase as growth begins; keep evenly moist.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Increase watering as growth resumes, avoiding waterlogging.

• Trident Maple: Maintain even moisture; increase slightly in warm, sunny weather.
• Big Leaf Maple: Maintain even moisture; soil warms—might need daily watering in pots.
• Japanese Maple: Maintain even moisture; soil warms—might need daily watering in pots.
• Japanese Barberry: Regular watering; avoid waterlogging.
• Boxwood: Regular watering to maintain consistent moisture.
• European Hornbeam: Consistent moisture; avoid extremes.
• Sawara Cypress: Increase as growth continues; keep evenly moist.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Water thoroughly as temperatures climb and growth accelerates.

• Trident Maple: Increase watering as weather warms. Watch for early drought stress.
• Big Leaf Maple: Increase frequency based on warming temperatures.
• Japanese Maple: Increase frequency based on warming temperatures.
• Japanese Barberry: Water regularly; avoid dryness as temperatures rise.
• Boxwood: Consistent watering; avoid dryness.
• European Hornbeam: Regular watering; frequency increasing with warmth.
• Sawara Cypress: Steady, increasing as weather warms.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Daily or as needed; ensure free drainage.

• Trident Maple: Water deeply and regularly; watch under hot sun.
• Big Leaf Maple: Deep water regularly—pots warm up quickly in heat.
• Japanese Maple: Deep water regularly—pots warm up quickly in heat.
• Japanese Barberry: Consistent deep watering in warmer weather.
• Boxwood: Water deeply; boxwood is sensitive to drought.
• European Hornbeam: Deep and regular watering; avoid drought stress.
• Sawara Cypress: Daily, especially during hot spells; avoid drought stress.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: High frequency; never allow to dry out completely.

• Trident Maple: High-frequency watering; ensure no stress during heat.
• Big Leaf Maple: Monitor daily; ensure no drought stress.
• Japanese Maple: Monitor daily; ensure no drought stress.
• Japanese Barberry: Water consistently; avoid drought conditions.
• Boxwood: Keep consistently moist but not soggy.
• European Hornbeam: Maintain regular watering; soil evenly moist.
• Sawara Cypress: Daily or more in extreme heat; monitor container dryness.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Daily or twice daily during heat waves.

• Trident Maple: Maintain consistent moisture as growth begins to slow.
• Big Leaf Maple: Maintain consistent moisture as growth slows.
• Japanese Maple: Maintain consistent moisture as growth slows.
• Japanese Barberry: Slightly reduce watering as growth slows.
• Boxwood: Gradually reduce watering frequency slightly.
• European Hornbeam: Reduce watering slightly as growth slows.
• Sawara Cypress: Begin slightly reducing frequency as temps cool.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Maintain consistent hydration as days shorten.

• Trident Maple: Gradually reduce watering frequency; allow soil to dry slightly.
• Big Leaf Maple: Gradually reduce watering frequency.
• Japanese Maple: Gradually reduce watering frequency.
• Japanese Barberry: Reduce frequency; allow slight drying between waterings.
• Boxwood: Water sparingly; soil should dry slightly between watering.
• European Hornbeam: Water sparingly; allow soil slight drying.
• Sawara Cypress: Adjust downward; avoid overwatering as temps drop.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Reduce frequency slightly as growth slows.

• Trident Maple: Reduce water; prevent pot from staying wet as temps drop.
• Big Leaf Maple: Reduce watering as foliage falls.
• Japanese Maple: Reduce watering as foliage falls.
• Japanese Barberry: Minimal watering; soil should be slightly dry.
• Boxwood: Minimal watering; ensure slight drying between.
• European Hornbeam: Minimal watering; ensure slight dryness between.
• Sawara Cypress: Reduce frequency but do not let dry out completely.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Water sparingly; do not let soil dry out fully.

• Trident Maple: Water very sparingly; avoid waterlogging in cooling temps.
• Big Leaf Maple: Water sparingly; avoid soggy pots in cool temps.
• Japanese Maple: Water sparingly; avoid soggy pots in cool temps.
• Japanese Barberry: Very sparingly; prevent complete drying.
• Boxwood: Only water if prolonged dryness occurs.
• European Hornbeam: Water only if soil becomes completely dry.
• Sawara Cypress: Water only when dry; container shouldn’t stay wet.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Monitor soil; water lightly to prevent complete drying.

• Trident Maple: Very minimal watering—only if prolonged dry spells.
• Big Leaf Maple: Minimal watering only during dry periods.
• Japanese Maple: Minimal watering only during dry periods.
• Japanese Barberry: Minimal watering, only during prolonged dry spells.
• Boxwood: Minimal, only if dry spells persist.
• European Hornbeam: Minimal watering only during extended dry spells.
• Sawara Cypress: Minimal; avoid saturated soil.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Reduce frequency, especially in cold wet weather.

• Trident Maple: Check moisture occasionally; avoid dryout but keep minimal.
• Big Leaf Maple: Check moisture monthly; prevent dehydration.
• Japanese Maple: Check moisture monthly; prevent dehydration.
• Japanese Barberry: Check moisture monthly; avoid complete drying.
• Boxwood: Check monthly; water sparingly.
• European Hornbeam: Check moisture monthly; minimal watering.
• Sawara Cypress: Only when soil is dry at finger-depth.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Very occasional; ensure soil never stays soggy.

• Trident Maple: Resume regular watering as buds swell.
• Big Leaf Maple: Resume regular watering as buds begin swelling.
• Japanese Maple: Resume regular watering as buds begin swelling.
• Japanese Barberry: Resume moderate watering; buds preparing to swell.
• Boxwood: Moderate increase; ensure slight moisture.
• European Hornbeam: Begin moderate watering as buds swell.
• Sawara Cypress: Increase slightly if root activity starts.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Begin checking more frequently as temps rise.

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• Trident Maple: Begin light feeding with balanced 10-10-10 fertilizer once leaves expand.
• Big Leaf Maple: Begin light feeding with balanced 10‑10‑10 formula post-leafing.
• Japanese Maple: Begin light feeding with balanced 10‑10‑10 formula post-leafing.
• Japanese Barberry: Start balanced fertilizer after leaf emergence.
• Boxwood: Start balanced fertilizer post bud-break.
• European Hornbeam: Apply balanced fertilizer post leaf-out.
• Sawara Cypress: Start balanced feeding as buds break.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Start light feeding with balanced fertilizer.

• Trident Maple: Continue balanced feeding every 2–3 weeks.
• Big Leaf Maple: Feed every 2–3 weeks with balanced bonsai fertilizer.
• Japanese Maple: Feed every 2–3 weeks with balanced bonsai fertilizer.
• Japanese Barberry: Fertilize biweekly with balanced formula.
• Boxwood: Continue balanced feed every 2–3 weeks.
• European Hornbeam: Balanced fertilizer every 2 weeks.
• Sawara Cypress: Continue balanced fertilizer every 2 weeks.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Feed every 2 weeks with balanced fertilizer.

• Trident Maple: Switch to higher nitrogen (e.g., 12-6-6) for leaf growth if needed.
• Big Leaf Maple: Switch to higher nitrogen (e.g., 12‑6‑6) if tree is vigorous.
• Japanese Maple: Switch to higher nitrogen (e.g., 12‑6‑6) if tree is vigorous.
• Japanese Barberry: Apply higher phosphorus fertilizer.
• Boxwood: Higher nitrogen feed beneficial now.
• European Hornbeam: Nitrogen-rich feed to support growth.
• Sawara Cypress: Reduce nitrogen slightly to harden growth.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Continue biweekly feeding with balanced fertilizer.

• Trident Maple: Broad-spectrum feeding every 2–3 weeks.
• Big Leaf Maple: Continue balanced feed every 2 weeks.
• Japanese Maple: Continue balanced feed every 2 weeks.
• Japanese Barberry: Continue balanced feeding monthly.
• Boxwood: Monthly balanced feed.
• European Hornbeam: Balanced fertilizer monthly.
• Sawara Cypress: Low-nitrogen or organic feed every 2–3 weeks.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Shift to lower-nitrogen feed to prevent overly coarse growth.

• Trident Maple: Reduce nitrogen, focus on potassium if flower/fruit desired.
• Big Leaf Maple: Taper nitrogen; hold feed during hottest weeks.
• Japanese Maple: Taper nitrogen; hold feed during hottest weeks.
• Japanese Barberry: Reduce nitrogen; emphasize potassium and phosphorus.
• Boxwood: Reduce nitrogen; use lower nitrogen fertilizer.
• European Hornbeam: Reduce nitrogen; apply low-nitrogen fertilizer.
• Sawara Cypress: Continue light feeding; avoid nitrogen-heavy fertilizers.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Use low-nitrogen or potassium-rich feed to support wood maturity.

• Trident Maple: Back off nitrogen; apply phosphorus-rich formula.
• Big Leaf Maple: Apply phosphorus high feed to support root health.
• Japanese Maple: Apply phosphorus high feed to support root health.
• Japanese Barberry: Final phosphorus-heavy feeding.
• Boxwood: Apply last feeding of balanced or phosphorus-rich fertilizer.
• European Hornbeam: Final seasonal feeding; phosphorus-rich.
• Sawara Cypress: Last feeding with low-N fertilizer.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Final low-nitrogen feed to prepare for dormancy.

• Trident Maple: Apply final feed of season to build reserves for winter.
• Big Leaf Maple: Final feed of the season to build winter reserves.
• Japanese Maple: Final feed of the season to build winter reserves.
• Japanese Barberry: Stop fertilization to prepare for dormancy.
• Boxwood: Cease fertilization.
• European Hornbeam: Stop fertilization.
• Sawara Cypress: Apply final zero-nitrogen fertilizer if needed.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Stop feeding by mid-month.

• Trident Maple: Stop feeding once leaves fully color/fall.
• Sawara Cypress: None.

• Sawara Cypress: None.

• Sawara Cypress: None.

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• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Prepare first spring feed for mid-month onward.

• European Hornbeam: Suitable time to repot; minimal root disturbance.
• Sawara Cypress: Only in late dormancy before buds swell.

• Trident Maple: Primary repotting window—before bud burst; root prune and refresh soil.
• Big Leaf Maple: Repot window opens just before leaf burst; root prune carefully.
• Japanese Maple: Repot window opens just before leaf burst; root prune carefully.
• Japanese Barberry: Optimal repotting and root pruning period.
• Boxwood: Ideal repotting window; gentle root pruning recommended.
• European Hornbeam: Optimal repotting period; moderate root pruning.
• Sawara Cypress: Best done before buds swell (Early to Mid Spring).
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Ideal window for repotting before vigorous growth begins.

• Sawara Cypress: Only if absolutely necessary; roots now active.

• Sawara Cypress: Avoid unless emergency.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Only emergency repotting; generally avoided now.

• Sawara Cypress: Not recommended.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Not recommended.

• Sawara Cypress: Do not repot in this phase.

• Sawara Cypress: Still not advised.

• Sawara Cypress: Still inappropriate.

• Sawara Cypress: Not advised.

• Sawara Cypress: Not safe.

• Sawara Cypress: Not safe.

• Sawara Cypress: Too early for repotting.

• Trident Maple: Begin planning repot; work soil mix and readiness.
• Big Leaf Maple: Begin planning for spring repot; prep soil and tools.
• Japanese Maple: Begin planning for spring repot; prep soil and tools.
• Japanese Barberry: Prepare repotting materials; repot soon if needed.
• Boxwood: Prepare materials for spring repotting.
• European Hornbeam: Prepare for early spring repotting.
• Sawara Cypress: Prepare tools and soil; wait for buds to swell.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Prep tools and soil if repotting planned.

• Trident Maple: Final winter structural pruning before bud swell.
• Big Leaf Maple: Perform final structural cuts before bud swell; avoid heavy pruning.
• Japanese Maple: Perform final structural cuts before bud swell; avoid heavy pruning.
• Japanese Barberry: Structural pruning; remove dead branches.
• Boxwood: Structural pruning; remove damaged branches.
• European Hornbeam: Structural pruning; remove dead or crossing branches.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Structural pruning can begin if weather is mild.

• Trident Maple: Fine structural pruning after leaf-out to refine design.
• Big Leaf Maple: Trim new buds lightly to refine structure.
• Japanese Maple: Trim new buds lightly to refine structure.
• Japanese Barberry: Light shaping after leaves emerge.
• Boxwood: Light shaping; remove undesirable growth early.
• European Hornbeam: Light pruning for shape; avoid heavy cuts.
• Sawara Cypress: Pinch new growth to maintain shape; avoid heavy cuts.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Finish major pruning before leaf emergence.

• Japanese Barberry: Trim excessive new growth lightly.
• Boxwood: Frequent trimming of vigorous shoots.
• European Hornbeam: Trim vigorous growth to maintain shape.
• Sawara Cypress: Pinch and trim back strong shoots.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Pinch new shoots to encourage ramification.

• Japanese Barberry: Post-flowering pruning if needed.
• Boxwood: Light maintenance pruning after vigorous growth.
• European Hornbeam: Post-flush pruning to refine silhouette.
• Sawara Cypress: Stop heavy shaping, focus on fine trimming.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Pinch and thin to control vigor and improve light penetration.

• Trident Maple: Consider partial defoliation if leaves are too large; only if tree is healthy.
• Big Leaf Maple: If leaf size becomes excessive, consider partial defoliation.
• Japanese Maple: If leaf size becomes excessive, consider partial defoliation.
• Japanese Barberry: Light pruning to maintain shape.
• Boxwood: Prune to maintain silhouette.
• European Hornbeam: Maintenance pruning to sustain form.
• Sawara Cypress: Tip prune lightly for refinement; no heavy cuts.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Light maintenance only; avoid major cuts.

• Trident Maple: Pinch new growth; wait until fall for structural changes.
• Big Leaf Maple: Pinch back soft spring growth; wait until fall for structure.
• Japanese Maple: Pinch back soft spring growth; wait until fall for structure.
• Japanese Barberry: Minimal pruning; avoid stressing tree in heat.
• Boxwood: Minimal; avoid heavy pruning.
• European Hornbeam: Limited pruning; minor trimming for form.
• Sawara Cypress: Minor tip trimming only.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Avoid heavy pruning; light shaping only.

• Sawara Cypress: Remove weak or diseased shoots.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Light trim if needed to maintain silhouette.

• Trident Maple: Perform structural wiring and light pruning before leaf color.
• Big Leaf Maple: Structural wiring/pruning before leaf color onset.
• Japanese Maple: Structural wiring/pruning before leaf color onset.
• Japanese Barberry: Last structural pruning before dormancy.
• Boxwood: Final pruning for shape and structure before dormancy.
• European Hornbeam: Final structural pruning before dormancy.
• Sawara Cypress: Light clean-up; remove spent growth.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Only minimal shaping to reduce wind drag or balance.

• Sawara Cypress: Remove dead twigs; clean up interior clutter.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Remove dead twigs only.

• Sawara Cypress: Only if removing dead or diseased wood.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: No pruning.

• Sawara Cypress: Not advised.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Avoid—tree fully dormant.

• Sawara Cypress: Not recommended.

• Sawara Cypress: Begin minor structural work if needed.

• Trident Maple: Can apply wiring gently before buds emerge.
• Big Leaf Maple: Safe to wire before buds open, but wood is brittle—use caution.
• Japanese Maple: Safe to wire before buds open, but wood is brittle—use caution.
• Japanese Barberry: Wiring can be done before growth starts.
• Boxwood: Safe period to adjust or apply wires.
• European Hornbeam: Ideal period for wiring; branches still flexible.

• Trident Maple: Safe for wiring; wiring will set quickly with cambium activity.
• Big Leaf Maple: Apply or adjust wiring while cambium is active.
• Japanese Maple: Apply or adjust wiring while cambium is active.
• Japanese Barberry: Adjust wires before branches stiffen.
• Boxwood: Ideal wiring period; branches are pliable.
• European Hornbeam: Wiring ideal before branches harden.
• Sawara Cypress: Can wire during active growth, monitor tightness.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Wire secondary branches cautiously before sap flow intensifies.

• Japanese Barberry: Check wires; adjust to avoid biting in.
• Boxwood: Check wires; loosen as needed to prevent scarring.
• European Hornbeam: Check wires regularly; adjust to prevent scarring.
• Sawara Cypress: Continue, but monitor for wire bite.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Fine wiring can be done as branches lignify.

• Boxwood: Wiring adjustments possible.
• European Hornbeam: Wiring adjustments possible if branches still flexible.
• Sawara Cypress: Remove or adjust tight wires.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Adjust or remove wire before it bites into soft new wood.

• Trident Maple: Minor wiring adjustments before cambium hardens.
• Big Leaf Maple: Minor wiring for refinement before tissue hardens.
• Japanese Maple: Minor wiring for refinement before tissue hardens.
• Japanese Barberry: Adjust wires if necessary.
• Boxwood: Adjust wires; monitor closely.
• European Hornbeam: Minor wiring; careful checks necessary.
• Sawara Cypress: Monitor for wire bite; remove if swelling.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Monitor closely; growth thickens rapidly.

• Boxwood: Monitor wires carefully to prevent scars.
• European Hornbeam: Check wiring closely; remove if needed.
• Sawara Cypress: Remove wires if biting in; bark can scar easily now.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Adjust or remove wires if swelling occurs.

• Sawara Cypress: Begin considering wiring for fall shaping if temps allow.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Avoid new wiring; begin planning for fall/winter wiring.

• Trident Maple: Fall wiring ideal—cambium still workable and leaves show ramification.
• Big Leaf Maple: Optimal time for wiring with active sap.
• Japanese Maple: Optimal time for wiring with active sap.
• Japanese Barberry: Perform final wiring adjustments.
• Boxwood: Last opportunity for wiring adjustments.
• European Hornbeam: Adjust wiring cautiously as branches set.
• Sawara Cypress: Can begin fall wiring; tree still flexible.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Consider light wiring as wood begins to harden.

• Sawara Cypress: Ideal time for structural wiring.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Apply wire to lignified shoots for overwintering bends.

• Sawara Cypress: OK, but avoid brittle branches.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Only light application to fully dormant wood.

• Sawara Cypress: None unless pre-positioning.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Wire hardened wood gently for future shaping.

• Sawara Cypress: Avoid—branches brittle.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Check existing wire for cutting-in.

• Japanese Barberry: Early wiring adjustments possible now.
• Boxwood: Minor adjustments possible.
• European Hornbeam: Adjust wires cautiously.
• Sawara Cypress: Can resume with caution.

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• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Avoid full defoliation; partial possible if leaves overly large.

• Trident Maple: Partial defoliation (2nd leafing) can refine foliage scale.
• Big Leaf Maple: Partial defoliation after first flush can reduce leaf size.
• Japanese Maple: Partial defoliation after first flush can reduce leaf size.
• European Hornbeam: Partial defoliation possible to reduce leaf size.
• Sawara Cypress: Not applicable to this species.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Partial defoliation possible to reduce leaf size.

• European Hornbeam: Avoid full defoliation due to stress.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Avoid—stress and heat reduce recovery capacity.

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• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Natural leaf drop beginning; do not interfere.

• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Natural process; support leaf drop.

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• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Monitor for swelling buds as sign of dormancy ending.

• Trident Maple: Pinch excessive new shoots to balance canopy energy.
• Big Leaf Maple: Pinch long shoots to encourage back-budding.
• Japanese Maple: Pinch long shoots to encourage back-budding.
• Japanese Barberry: Pinch shoot tips to encourage branching.
• Boxwood: Pinch new shoots to encourage branching.
• European Hornbeam: Pinch new growth to improve ramification.
• Sawara Cypress: Pinch soft growth tips for density.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Pinch back strong buds to balance growth.

• Trident Maple: Prune back long shoots to spur ramification formation.
• Big Leaf Maple: Trim long shoots after first flush to promote ramification.
• Japanese Maple: Trim long shoots after first flush to promote ramification.
• Japanese Barberry: Continue pinching to maintain shape.
• Boxwood: Regular pinching for compact growth.
• European Hornbeam: Regular pinching and pruning for density.
• Sawara Cypress: Focus on shoot density and apex control.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Thin crowded shoots for better airflow.

• Sawara Cypress: Let new shoots harden.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Selectively thin new growth to strengthen interior buds.

• European Hornbeam: Remove overly vigorous shoots.
• Sawara Cypress: Trim elongated shoots; encourage backbudding.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Thin vigorous areas; allow weak zones to catch up.

• Sawara Cypress: Stop active shoot management.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Use pruning to redirect energy subtly.

• Sawara Cypress: Halt trimming—let shoots harden.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Let late growth mature; don’t force new flushes.

• Sawara Cypress: Done.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Observe and mark dormant buds for spring structure.

• Sawara Cypress: Done.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Observe terminal buds for winter survival.

• Sawara Cypress: None.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Dormant.

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• Sawara Cypress: Monitor for signs of activity.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Monitor bud swelling to time pruning.

• Trident Maple: Check overwintered pests; clear debris to reduce overwintering eggs.
• Big Leaf Maple: Clear debris to reduce overwintering pests.
• Japanese Maple: Clear debris to reduce overwintering pests.
• Japanese Barberry: Clear debris; monitor for scale overwintering.
• Boxwood: Check for overwintering scale insects.
• European Hornbeam: Inspect for overwintering pests.
• Sawara Cypress: Watch for fungal issues in storage.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Check for overwintering pests on bark and in soil.

• Trident Maple: Watch for aphids, scale; apply organic control if needed.
• Big Leaf Maple: Scout for aphids; treat organically if seen.
• Japanese Maple: Scout for aphids; treat organically if seen.
• Japanese Barberry: Check for aphids; treat promptly.
• Boxwood: Monitor closely for aphids and psyllids.
• European Hornbeam: Monitor for aphids and caterpillars; treat early.
• Sawara Cypress: Watch for spider mites and root rot.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Watch for aphids and early fungal issues.

• Trident Maple: Continue monitoring; caterpillars or mites may appear.
• Big Leaf Maple: Monitor for caterpillars and scale insects.
• Japanese Maple: Monitor for caterpillars and scale insects.
• Japanese Barberry: Monitor for mildew; ensure good airflow.
• Boxwood: Inspect for leaf miners; treat immediately.
• European Hornbeam: Monitor closely for pests; treat promptly.
• Sawara Cypress: Mites and root rot still risks—monitor soil moisture.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Treat early mildew or leaf spot proactively.

• Trident Maple: Leaf-chewing insects more active—treat quickly.
• Big Leaf Maple: Leaf-chewing pests may emerge—treat promptly.
• Japanese Maple: Leaf-chewing pests may emerge—treat promptly.
• Japanese Barberry: Watch for pests; apply treatments as needed.
• Boxwood: Look for pests; treat with neem or insecticidal soap.
• European Hornbeam: Inspect regularly; treat early infestations.
• Sawara Cypress: Keep air circulation strong to prevent fungal issues.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Monitor for aphids, spider mites, and powdery mildew.

• Trident Maple: Monitor aphids and scale; treat as needed.
• Big Leaf Maple: Watch for mites; treat with horticultural oil if needed.
• Japanese Maple: Watch for mites; treat with horticultural oil if needed.
• Japanese Barberry: Inspect for mites; treat with horticultural oils if found.
• Boxwood: Inspect for spider mites and leaf spot.
• European Hornbeam: Check for spider mites and aphids.
• Sawara Cypress: Aphids, mites, fungal problems—inspect underside of foliage.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: High risk for mildew; ensure airflow and apply fungicide if needed.

• Trident Maple: Spider mites can appear—use horticultural oil or insecticidal soap.
• Big Leaf Maple: Check for powdery mildew in humid weather.
• Japanese Maple: Check for powdery mildew in humid weather.
• Japanese Barberry: Check for fungal diseases; treat promptly.
• Boxwood: Monitor closely for pests; treat proactively.
• European Hornbeam: Watch for fungal issues; maintain airflow.
• Sawara Cypress: Red spider mites and fungal blight common—treat promptly.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Watch for mites, mildew, and leaf scorch.

• Sawara Cypress: Begin pest clean-up for fall.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Continue mildew watch; prune for airflow.

• Japanese Barberry: Check for late-season pests.
• Boxwood: Check for late-season pests.
• European Hornbeam: Inspect for late-season pests.
• Sawara Cypress: Clean foliage and inspect for scale, blight.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Clean debris and remove any infected leaves.

• Japanese Barberry: Remove fallen leaves to prevent disease.
• Boxwood: Clean up fallen leaves.
• European Hornbeam: Clean fallen leaves to avoid disease.
• Sawara Cypress: Sanitize soil surface and remove leaf litter.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Sanitize soil surface to prevent overwintering pests.

• Sawara Cypress: Final clean up; spray with dormant oil if needed.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Keep leaves off soil to avoid mold.

• Japanese Barberry: Inspect periodically for overwintering pests.
• European Hornbeam: Check periodically for overwintering insects.
• Sawara Cypress: Continue dormancy checks and fungal watch.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Monitor for rot and rodents.

• Trident Maple: Inspect for overwintering scale or mites.
• Big Leaf Maple: Scan for winter insect eggs or scale.
• Japanese Maple: Scan for winter insect eggs or scale.
• Japanese Barberry: Check for pests in protected spaces.
• Boxwood: Inspect occasionally for overwintering pests.
• European Hornbeam: Inspect trees occasionally.
• Sawara Cypress: Fungal issues still possible—ventilate cold frames.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Rodent damage or mold still possible.

• Sawara Cypress: Resume inspection—wake-up pests may appear.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Clean pot surface, check for fungus or pests.

• Trident Maple: Ensure pots are sheltered from hard freezes; insulate roots.
• Big Leaf Maple: Provide root insulation; watch for late freezes.
• Japanese Maple: Provide root insulation; watch for late freezes.
• Japanese Barberry: Keep roots insulated.
• Boxwood: Protect roots against sudden freezes.
• European Hornbeam: Ensure continued root insulation.
• Sawara Cypress: Shelter from hard frost and drying winds.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Maintain protection from hard frost if in pot.

• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Remove protection gradually as temps stabilize.

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• Sawara Cypress: Prepare mulch or cold-frame strategy.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Plan shelter strategy for coming frost.

• European Hornbeam: Prepare for colder months.
• Sawara Cypress: Stage protection for upcoming freezes.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Begin transition to protected area for containerized trees.

• Japanese Barberry: Begin preparing winter protections.
• Boxwood: Prepare winter protection measures.
• European Hornbeam: Begin winter protective measures.
• Sawara Cypress: Start wind protection prep and shelter planning.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Position tree for cold protection (mulch, cold frame, etc.).

• Trident Maple: Move to cold frame; insulate roots just below freezing.
• Big Leaf Maple: Begin root insulation; move pots to sheltered area.
• Japanese Maple: Begin root insulation; move pots to sheltered area.
• Japanese Barberry: Insulate roots; prepare winter shelter.
• Boxwood: Insulate pots, prepare shelter.
• European Hornbeam: Insulate pots thoroughly.
• Sawara Cypress: Set up overwinter shelter or mulch bedding.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Move container trees to shelter before frost.

• Trident Maple: Ensure roots remain above freezing; insulate and protect from wind.
• Big Leaf Maple: Keep protected from frost; mulched pots preferred.
• Japanese Maple: Keep protected from frost; mulched pots preferred.
• Japanese Barberry: Maintain frost protection; mulch pots.
• Boxwood: Maintain insulation; protect from extreme cold.
• European Hornbeam: Ensure pots are insulated; avoid frost exposure.
• Sawara Cypress: Maintain consistent environment—no freeze/thaw cycling.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Maintain protection from freezing winds and soil ice.

• Trident Maple: Keep protected until late winter flush begins.
• Big Leaf Maple: Ensure root insulation through coldest weeks.
• Japanese Maple: Ensure root insulation through coldest weeks.
• Japanese Barberry: Continued protection during coldest months.
• Boxwood: Continue insulation and protection.
• European Hornbeam: Maintain protection from extreme cold.
• Sawara Cypress: Continue monitoring shelter or storage space.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Critical for container trees in freezing zones.

• Sawara Cypress: Reduce slowly if spring onset begins.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Maintain until bud swell begins.

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• Sawara Cypress: Begin preparing for midday shading.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Begin preparing for sun/wind exposure; mulch surface if needed.

• Trident Maple: Provide light afternoon shade during heat waves.
• Big Leaf Maple: Provide afternoon shade during heatwaves.
• Japanese Maple: Provide afternoon shade during heatwaves.
• Japanese Barberry: Provide afternoon shade during extreme heat.
• Boxwood: Provide partial shade during hot afternoons.
• European Hornbeam: Provide partial shade during hottest days.
• Sawara Cypress: Provide afternoon shade or dappled sun in heat waves.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Provide dappled shade or afternoon protection in hot climates.

• Trident Maple: Shield roots from extreme heat if uninsulated pot.
• Big Leaf Maple: Ensure root ball doesn’t overheat—shade or pot insulation.
• Japanese Maple: Ensure root ball doesn’t overheat—shade or pot insulation.
• Japanese Barberry: Protect from intense sun.
• Boxwood: Protect from intense sun to avoid leaf scorch.
• European Hornbeam: Shade required during peak sun intensity.
• Sawara Cypress: Maintain shade during peak heat hours.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Maintain shade and consistent moisture.

• Sawara Cypress: Phase out by end of month.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Shade can be reduced gradually.

• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Remove shading structures.

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• Trident Maple: Seal larger pruning cuts to prevent die-back.
• Big Leaf Maple: Seal larger pruning cuts to reduce cold damage.
• Japanese Maple: Seal larger pruning cuts to reduce cold damage.
• Japanese Barberry: Seal large cuts.
• Boxwood: Seal any large cuts made.
• European Hornbeam: Seal significant pruning cuts.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Seal pruning wounds promptly to prevent infection.

• Japanese Barberry: Seal wounds promptly.
• Boxwood: Seal fresh pruning cuts promptly.
• European Hornbeam: Seal fresh wounds immediately.
• Sawara Cypress: Seal major cuts; avoid heavy work in Late Spring.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Seal any new wounds to avoid bleeding.

• Boxwood: Seal significant pruning wounds.
• European Hornbeam: Seal any fresh pruning cuts.
• Sawara Cypress: Apply cut paste if pruning; avoid large wounds.

• Sawara Cypress: Avoid fresh cuts; infections easier in warmth.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Seal any training or damage wounds promptly.

• European Hornbeam: Seal large wounds quickly.
• Sawara Cypress: Avoid cuts unless necessary; risk of sap bleed and infection.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Limit wounding; avoid major cuts due to sap bleed.

• Sawara Cypress: Do not cut unless essential.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Delay major work; focus on healing conditions.

• Sawara Cypress: Sterilize tools and avoid late wounds.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Healing slows—seal even small wounds.

• Boxwood: Seal any new wounds.
• European Hornbeam: Seal recent cuts.
• Sawara Cypress: Minor work OK.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Avoid cuts that won’t callus before frost.

• Sawara Cypress: Use cut paste if pruning.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: No open wounds—healing minimal.

• Sawara Cypress: Do not wound this late—healing won't begin until spring.

• Sawara Cypress: Avoid fresh wounds.

• Sawara Cypress: Avoid cuts.

• Sawara Cypress: OK for shallow cuts.

• European Hornbeam: Ideal time for carving; minimal sap flow.
• Sawara Cypress: Safe time for carving while sap is low.

• Sawara Cypress: Light carving possible; avoid wet wood.

• Sawara Cypress: OK, but not ideal.

• Sawara Cypress: Not recommended in rising heat.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Best avoided during peak sap activity.

• Sawara Cypress: Possible if wood is dry, but avoid high temps.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Not ideal.

• Sawara Cypress: Avoid—wood dries too fast and tools can slip.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Avoid due to high sap activity.

• Sawara Cypress: Safe again if temps drop and humidity rises.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Can resume light carving if temps drop.

• Sawara Cypress: Very good season—cool, dry wood workable.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Good window for dry-carving in cooler weather.

• Sawara Cypress: Very good window for carving.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Possible while sap is low.

• Sawara Cypress: Light work possible.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Limited work possible.

• Sawara Cypress: Great time for deadwood work indoors.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Possible if tree protected and tools used gently.

• Sawara Cypress: Optimal—sap is low and wood dry.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Quiet time for internal planning and design.

• Sawara Cypress: Still safe for carving.

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• Trident Maple: Softwood cuttings can be taken after flush.
• Big Leaf Maple: Softwood cuttings may be rooted at this time.
• Japanese Maple: Softwood cuttings may be rooted at this time.
• Japanese Barberry: Softwood cuttings possible now.
• Boxwood: Softwood cuttings viable now.
• European Hornbeam: Softwood cuttings or air-layering viable now.
• Sawara Cypress: Semi-hardwood cuttings possible by Late Spring.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Root soft cuttings in propagator or humidity tent.

• Sawara Cypress: Begin prepping material for summer cuttings.

• Sawara Cypress: Prep trays, tools, and hormone for cuttings.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Take softwood cuttings; use rooting hormone for better success.

• Sawara Cypress: Take softwood or semi-hardwood cuttings.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Semi-hardwood cuttings possible with high humidity.

• Sawara Cypress: Monitor cuttings; root development begins.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Continue semi-hardwood cutting propagation.

• Sawara Cypress: Harden off rooted cuttings.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: End of useful cutting period.

• Sawara Cypress: Nothing new started.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Seed collection from fertile flowers possible.

• Sawara Cypress: Not applicable.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Sow seeds outdoors for natural stratification.

• Sawara Cypress: None.

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• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Plan training work for spring onset.

• Trident Maple: Let new growth thicken branch lines; avoid over-pruning.
• Big Leaf Maple: Allow trunk base to thicken by limiting aggressive top pruning.
• Japanese Maple: Allow trunk base to thicken by limiting aggressive top pruning.
• Japanese Barberry: Encourage compact growth.
• Boxwood: Develop branch structure.
• European Hornbeam: Focus on branching structure.
• Sawara Cypress: Focus on branch direction and silhouette.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Refine primary structure and root spread.

• Japanese Barberry: Develop dense branching through controlled pruning.
• Boxwood: Encourage dense foliage development.
• European Hornbeam: Encourage dense and even canopy.
• Sawara Cypress: Begin guiding pads and secondary branches.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Focus on branch definition and canopy balance.

• Boxwood: Encourage even foliage density.
• European Hornbeam: Shape refinement period.
• Sawara Cypress: Pause major structural work.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Focus on balancing energy and building secondary branching.

• Japanese Barberry: Encourage canopy density.
• European Hornbeam: Manage growth rate.
• Sawara Cypress: Encourage density in pads; wire if needed.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Emphasize ramification and internode control.

• Sawara Cypress: Maintain health; no major interventions.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Focus on subtle shape control; avoid stressing the tree.

• European Hornbeam: Allow growth to harden.
• Sawara Cypress: Observe growth direction and balance.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Begin wind-down of active development cycle.

• Trident Maple: Encourage lignification of new growth.
• Big Leaf Maple: Encourage hardening of summer growth.
• Japanese Maple: Encourage hardening of summer growth.
• Japanese Barberry: Focus on wood maturation.
• Boxwood: Encourage woody maturation.
• European Hornbeam: Promote woody maturation.
• Sawara Cypress: Review silhouette and pad structure.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Development pauses; enter maintenance mode.

• Sawara Cypress: Step back—observe development areas for spring plan.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Dormancy preparation complete.

• Sawara Cypress: Rest phase begins.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Dormant state.

• Sawara Cypress: Let the tree sleep.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: No structural changes occur.

• Sawara Cypress: Observation and rest.

• Sawara Cypress: Begin prepping new growth zones.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Planning phase.

• Sawara Cypress: Avoid display; let tree rest.

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• Japanese Barberry: Showcase flowering period if desired.
• Sawara Cypress: Brief periods OK if tree vigorous.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Possible if tree is well-established and in leaf.

• Boxwood: Optimal period for display.
• European Hornbeam: Optimal period for exhibition.
• Sawara Cypress: Avoid during intense heat or direct afternoon sun.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Good time for display; foliage vibrant and attractive.

• Sawara Cypress: Not recommended.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Still showy if healthy, but heat stress may affect appearance.

• Sawara Cypress: OK only in temperate conditions.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Declining; foliage may start fading.

• Japanese Barberry: Display autumn foliage colors.
• European Hornbeam: Enjoy autumn leaf color.
• Sawara Cypress: Good season for local shows.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Attractive autumn foliage for show or photography.

• Sawara Cypress: Attractive phase for foliage contrast.
• European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach: Showy fall color if still present.

• Sawara Cypress: Not ideal—stress recovery begins.

• Sawara Cypress: Indoors only and briefly.

• Sawara Cypress: Not appropriate.

• Sawara Cypress: Wait for full spring.