13 phases · 37 species · 2469 seasonal notes · Pacific Northwest, Zone 8b

The Calendar

Bonsai keeps a different calendar — thirteen phases instead of twelve months, read from buds and weather instead of dates. Turn the wheel to any season; every species answers.

JFMAMJJASONDLate Dormancy · Feb 15 – Mar 10Early Spring · Mar 11 – Apr 15Mid Spring · Apr 16 – May 10Late Spring · May 11 – May 31Early Summer · Jun 1 – Jun 30Mid Summer · Jul 1 – Aug 10Late Summer · Aug 11 – Aug 31Early Fall · Sep 1 – Sep 30Mid Fall · Oct 1 – Oct 31Late Fall · Nov 1 – Nov 15Early Winter · Nov 16 – Dec 31Mid Winter · Jan 1 – Jan 31Late Winter · Feb 1 – Feb 14PHASE 10 OF 13Late FallNOV 1 – NOV 15

Happening now · day 1 of 15 · Early Winter in 15 days

Late Fall

Leaves down, bones visible. Prepare shelter before the first hard frost.

123 notes across 29 species this phase

Watering

28 species

Boxwood11 on the bench

Only water if prolonged dryness occurs.

Japanese Maple 'Sharp's Pygmy'6 on the bench

Water sparingly; avoid soggy pots in cool temps.

Dawn Redwood5 on the bench

Check weekly; water sparingly as needed.

Chinese Juniper3 on the bench

Minimal; let surface dry between waterings.

Colorado Blue Spruce2 on the bench

Minimal watering; only during dry spells.

Coralbark Japanese Maple2 on the bench

Water sparingly; avoid soggy pots in cool temps.

Bigleaf Maple1 on the bench

Water sparingly; avoid soggy pots in cool temps.

Canyon Live Oak1 on the bench

Only water when soil is dry to the touch. Reduce frequency significantly.

Copper Beech1 on the bench

Minimal; do not allow soil to dry completely.

Creeping Juniper1 on the bench

Light watering only, especially on cool overcast days.

Engelmann Spruce1 on the bench

Minimal water needed as dormancy sets in.

Ginkgo biloba1 on the bench

Minimal; only water if unseasonably dry.

Hall's Crabapple1 on the bench

Occasional watering depending on weather.

Himalayan Juniper1 on the bench

Minimal watering—check every few days for dryness.

Japanese Larch1 on the bench

Minimal.

Japanese Maple 'Bloodgood'1 on the bench

Water sparingly; avoid soggy pots in cool temps.

Japanese Yew1 on the bench

Water minimally. Only if dry to 1–2" depth.

Lilac Sensation1 on the bench

Reduce; allow near-dryness before rewatering.

Procumbens Juniper Nana1 on the bench

Minimal; keep just moist.

Satsuki Azalea1 on the bench

Reduce but don't stop. Evergreen leaves still transpire.

Trident Maple1 on the bench

Water very sparingly; avoid waterlogging in cooling temps.

From the wider reference

Canadian Hemlock

Reduce to match dormancy. Do not allow desiccation.

Common Pear

Sporadic watering only if soil dries out. Avoid wet soil during freezing nights.

Dwarf Jade

Allow soil to stay dry longer between waterings.

European Hornbeam

Water only if soil becomes completely dry.

European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach

Monitor soil; water lightly to prevent complete drying.

Japanese Barberry

Very sparingly; prevent complete drying.

Sawara Cypress

Water only when dry; container shouldn’t stay wet.

Feeding

2 species

Hinoki Cypress1 on the bench

None.

From the wider reference

Repotting

2 species

Hinoki Cypress1 on the bench

Not safe.

From the wider reference

Pruning

6 species

Creeping Juniper1 on the bench

Avoid unless necessary.

Himalayan Juniper1 on the bench

Do not prune heavily. Clean debris from foliage pads.

Hinoki Cypress1 on the bench

Remove only dead wood.

Japanese Larch1 on the bench

None.

From the wider reference

Sawara Cypress

Only if removing dead or diseased wood.

Wiring

12 species

Chinese Juniper3 on the bench

Continue fall wiring.

Creeping Juniper1 on the bench

Final chance to apply wire before cold sets in.

Hall's Crabapple1 on the bench

Finish all wiring for overwinter shaping.

Himalayan Juniper1 on the bench

Watch existing wires as bark thickens before dormancy.

Hinoki Cypress1 on the bench

Avoid new wiring.

Japanese Larch1 on the bench

Final chance for dormant wiring.

Lilac Sensation1 on the bench

Check wires for bite and remove if necessary.

Procumbens Juniper Nana1 on the bench

Wire continues on older wood.

Satsuki Azalea1 on the bench

Remove any wires biting in before growth halts.

From the wider reference

Canadian Hemlock

Remove wire if cutting in.

European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach

Only light application to fully dormant wood.

Sawara Cypress

OK, but avoid brittle branches.

Buds & shoots

4 species

Hinoki Cypress1 on the bench

None.

Japanese Larch1 on the bench

Monitor and document health.

From the wider reference

Pests & disease

16 species

Dawn Redwood5 on the bench

Final pest check before deep dormancy.

Chinese Juniper3 on the bench

Dormant oils can be applied to control overwintering insects.

Colorado Blue Spruce2 on the bench

Final check for pests before dormancy sets fully.

Canyon Live Oak1 on the bench

Final check for pests. Clean trunk and surface soil.

Creeping Juniper1 on the bench

Last chance to apply dormant spray.

Hall's Crabapple1 on the bench

Inspect and clean before winter storage.

Himalayan Juniper1 on the bench

Clear any fallen needles. Prevent fungal colonization.

Hinoki Cypress1 on the bench

Final clean-up; dormant oil if scale was present.

Japanese Yew1 on the bench

Inspect bark and leaf bases for overwintering bugs.

Lilac Sensation1 on the bench

Final pest treatment if needed.

Procumbens Juniper Nana1 on the bench

Dormant pests should be cleaned off now.

Satsuki Azalea1 on the bench

Final pest check before full dormancy.

From the wider reference

Common Pear

Inspect bark for overwintering pests.

Dwarf Jade

Check before overwintering indoors.

European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach

Keep leaves off soil to avoid mold.

Sawara Cypress

Final clean up; spray with dormant oil if needed.

Winter protection

29 species

Boxwood11 on the bench

Insulate pots, prepare shelter.

Japanese Maple 'Sharp's Pygmy'6 on the bench

Begin root insulation; move pots to sheltered area.

Dawn Redwood5 on the bench

Protect from early frost and excess moisture.

Chinese Juniper3 on the bench

Prepare full winter protection.

Colorado Blue Spruce2 on the bench

Ensure full protection from freezing rain and wind.

Coralbark Japanese Maple2 on the bench

Begin root insulation; move pots to sheltered area.

Bigleaf Maple1 on the bench

Begin root insulation; move pots to sheltered area.

Canyon Live Oak1 on the bench

Move to cold frame or unheated shelter. Avoid freezing roots.

Copper Beech1 on the bench

Begin sheltering from early frosts.

Creeping Juniper1 on the bench

Move to protected position if in exposed location.

Engelmann Spruce1 on the bench

Mulch container or protect roots for freeze events.

Ginkgo biloba1 on the bench

Move to protected area if containerized.

Hall's Crabapple1 on the bench

Move to protected location if freezing occurs.

Himalayan Juniper1 on the bench

Set up mulching, insulation, and elevation for drainage.

Hinoki Cypress1 on the bench

Set up winter shelter out of icy wind; keep the pot draining.

Japanese Larch1 on the bench

Move to shelter before freeze.

Japanese Maple 'Bloodgood'1 on the bench

Begin root insulation; move pots to sheltered area.

Japanese Yew1 on the bench

Provide mulch around pot base or elevate container.

Lilac Sensation1 on the bench

Move into sheltered cold frame by end of period.

Procumbens Juniper Nana1 on the bench

Prepare for freezing temps.

Satsuki Azalea1 on the bench

Begin placing in cold frame or sheltered area.

Trident Maple1 on the bench

Move to cold frame; insulate roots just below freezing.

From the wider reference

Canadian Hemlock

Place into cold frame or unheated shelter.

Common Pear

Ensure tree is in a wind-protected area. Mulch container or place in cold frame.

Dwarf Jade

Keep in bright, frost-free location.

European Hornbeam

Insulate pots thoroughly.

European Smoketree, AKA Venetian Sumach

Move container trees to shelter before frost.

Japanese Barberry

Insulate roots; prepare winter shelter.

Sawara Cypress

Set up overwinter shelter or mulch bedding.

Wound care

4 species

Chinese Juniper3 on the bench

Avoid open wounds this late.

Creeping Juniper1 on the bench

Avoid major wounding.

Hinoki Cypress1 on the bench

Avoid wounding this late.

From the wider reference

Sawara Cypress

Do not wound this late—healing won't begin until spring.

Deadwood & jin

5 species

Creeping Juniper1 on the bench

Not ideal.

Hinoki Cypress1 on the bench

Light work only.

Japanese Larch1 on the bench

OK with care.

From the wider reference

Sawara Cypress

Light work possible.

Propagation

2 species

Hinoki Cypress1 on the bench

None.

From the wider reference

Development

9 species

Dawn Redwood5 on the bench

Transition to dormancy.

Chinese Juniper3 on the bench

Tree transitions to dormancy.

Creeping Juniper1 on the bench

Dormancy preparation.

Ginkgo biloba1 on the bench

Rest period begins.

Himalayan Juniper1 on the bench

Hold changes—tree preparing for dormancy.

Hinoki Cypress1 on the bench

Rest phase begins.

Japanese Larch1 on the bench

Rest phase.

From the wider reference

Sawara Cypress

Rest phase begins.

Display

4 species

Creeping Juniper1 on the bench

Consider moving indoors before frost if displaying.

Hinoki Cypress1 on the bench

Not ideal.

Japanese Larch1 on the bench

Not recommended.

From the wider reference

Sawara Cypress

Not ideal—stress recovery begins.